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1 possessed the value
merit value — значение функции полезности; величина выигрыша
absolute value — абсолютная величина, абсолютное значение
standard value — стандартное значение; стандартная величина
specified value — фиксированное значение; заданное значение
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > possessed the value
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2 constant value
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > constant value
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3 mean value
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4 цена
жен. price;
worth, value прям. и перен.;
cost (стоимость) крайняя цена( низшая цена) ≈ the lowest price цена без запроса коммерч. ≈ fixed price цена без упаковки ≈ packing not included платить дорогой ценой ≈ to pay a high price for smth. набивать цену ≈ to jack up the price of smth. набивать себе цену ≈ to build oneself up (in smb.'s eyes) чрезмерные цены ≈ steep prices завышать цены ≈ price out завышенная цена ≈ overcharge рыночная цена ≈ market price твердые цены ≈ fixed/stable/firm prices бешеные цены ≈ exorbitant/extravagant prices договорная цена ≈ agreed price дутые цены ≈ inflated prices;
fancy prices разг. фабричная цена ≈ prime cost конъюнктурные цены ≈ (free) market prices номинальная цена ≈ face value;
nominal price устойчивые цены ≈ stable prices ценой в ≈ at the price (of) ;
at the cost (of) по высокой цене ≈ at a high price падать в цене ≈ to go down (in price) подниматься в цене ≈ to go up (in price), to take a jump повышение цен ≈ rise in prices понижение цен ≈ fall/drop in prices снижение цен ≈ price-cutting колебание цен ≈ instability of prices взвинчивать цены ≈ to inflate prices заламывать цену ≈ charge an exorbitant price набавлять цену ≈ to raise the price по твердым ценам ≈ no abatement made чрезмерная цена ≈ exorbitant price назначать цену ≈ to quote a price, to price, to ask, to quote, to tag;
to tax амер.;
разг. покупная цена ≈ buying price, purchase price пониженные цены, сниженные цены ≈ reduced price розничная цена ≈ retail price жесткие цены ≈ stiff prices оптовая цена ≈ wholesale price резервированная цена ≈ reserve price цены нет( кому-л./чему-л.) ≈ it is priceless/invaluable знать себе цену ≈ to know one's own worth/value;
have a high opinion of oneself;
to be self-assured, to be self-possessed мы знаем им цену ≈ we know their worth ценою чего-л. ≈ at the cost/price of smth. любой ценой ≈ at any price/cost добивающийся любой ценой ≈ hell-bent ценой жизни ≈ at the cost of one's life это в цене разг. ≈ one has to pay a good price;
it is very costlyж.
1. price;
(стоимость) cost;
charge;
перен. worth, value;
~ билета туда и обратно return fare;
базисная ~ basis/base price;
биржевая ~ quotation, stock/exchange price;
бросовая ~ dumping price;
действительная ~ real price;
действующая ~ current/ruling price;
~, действующая на день отправки price ruling/in force at the date of dispatch;
~ для оптовых покупателей wholesale price;
дополнительная ~ extra price;
закупочная ~ purshase/purchasing price;
~ на рекламу charge for advertising;
окончательная ~ close/final, last, end price;
~ покупателя buyer`s price;
~ поставки supply price;
средняя рыночная ~ market average;
условная ~ price of services;
данные о ~ах pricing data;
завышение цен overcharge;
повышение цен rise of prices;
замораживание цен price freeze, freezing of prices;
занижение цен undercharge;
снижение цен reduction/cut in prices;
колебания цен на рынке market fluctuations;
падение цен fall in prices;
указатель цен index of prices;
указывать ~у indicate/quote, charge, set out, show a price;
уступать в ~е give a discount on a price;
по ~е дня at value;
по любой ~е at any cost;
по указанной ~е at the price quoted;
2.: ~ ой чего-л. at the cost of smth. ;
~ой жизни at the cost of one`s life;
любой ~ой at any price, at all cost;
~ы нет
1) (чему-л.) it is priceless/invaluable;
2) (кому-л.) he, she is worth his, her weight in gold;
в ~е in price. -
5 possess
pə'zes(to own or have: How much money does he possess?) besitte, eie, ha- possessive
- possessively
- possessiveness
- possessoreieverb \/pəˈzes\/1) eie, ha, besitte, inneha, sitte inne med, være i besittelse av2) ( overført) beherske (om fremmedspråk e.l.)3) (om demon, følelse, idé e.l.) besette, fylle, gripe, oppta ens tanker• what possessed you to do that?4) (om sinnsro, tålmodighet e.l.) bevare• stuck in the elevator between two floors, he possessed his soul in patience5) informere, underrette6) (om mann, litterært) ha samleie med7) ( gammeldags) ta, bemektige seg8) ( gammeldags) vinnepossess oneself beherske segpossess oneself of ( gammeldags) bemektige seg, tilegne seg -
6 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
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7 store
stɔ:
1. сущ.
1) а) запас, резерв to have in store ≈ иметь наготове, про запас б) мн. запасы, припасы;
имущество
2) пакгауз, склад a decision taken in 1982 to build a store for spent fuel from submarines ≈ принятое в 1982 году решение построить склад для отработанного топлива подводных лодок
3) магазин at, in a store ≈ в магазине She works at (in) a store. ≈ Она работает в магазине. to manage, operate, run a store ≈ управлять магазином specialty store ≈ магазин готовой одежды variety store ≈ маленький галантерейный магазин (часто торгует по сниженным ценам) candy store chain store clothing store company store convenience store department store discount store dry-goods store food store furniture store general store grocery store hardware store jewelry store multiple store music store retail store self-service store shoe store toy store liquor store package store Syn: shop
4) перен. большое количество;
изобилие He possessed a vast store of knowledge. ≈ Он обладал огромным запасом знаний. Jessica dipped into her store of theatrical anecdotes. ≈ Джессика обратилась к своему огромному запасу театральных анекдотов.
5) значение, важность to set great store by ≈ придавать большое значение( чему-л.)
6) компьют. запоминающее устройство, накопитель
2. гл.
1) снабжать, оснащать;
наполнять Syn: supply, furnish
2) а) хранить, сохранять б) компьют. запоминать;
хранить
3) запасать, откладывать (тж. store up/away)
4) а) убирать на хранение Now it's time to store away your fur coats for the summer. ≈ Пришла пора убрать на лето ваши шубы. Syn: conserve б) отдавать на хранение, хранить на складе
5) вмещать, аккумулировать How much energy can this battery store? ≈ Какова емкость этой батареи? запас, резерв - * of food запас провизии - * of energy имеющийся запас энергии - * of money сбережения - in * про запас;
на будущее, в будущем - to lay in *s /a */ of smth. (for the winter) запасать что-л., делать запасы чего-л. (на зиму) - to have smth. in * иметь что-л. про запас /наготове/ - what is in * for me? что ждет меня впереди /в будущем/? - to be /to have, to hold/ in * for smb. предназначаться для кого-л.;
готовить /сулить/ кому-л. в будущем - what the future holds in * for us что нам сулит будущее - I have a surprise in * for him у меня для него приготовлен сюрприз - I little thought of the calamity which was in * for us я и не подозревал о беде, которая нам грозила изобилие, большое количество - a * of impressions множество впечатлений - *s of learning обширность знаний, эрудиция - he exhausted his * of vile epithets он истощил свой (богатый) запас грязных ругательств pl запасы, припасы;
имущество, материальные средства - marine *s старое корабельное имущество - war *s боеприпасы склад, пакгауз преим. (американизм) магазин - clothing * магазин готового платья - department * универмаг - village * сельская лавка - * clothes готовое платье - * goods товары, продающиеся или купленные в магазине - * prices магазинные цены - to patronize a * быть постоянным покупателем какого-л. магазина (the Stores;
сокр. от Army and Navy Stores) большой лондонский универмаг значение, важность - to set (great /high, much/) * by /(редк) (up) on/ придавать( большое) значение (чему-л.) ;
(высоко) ценить( что-л.) - to set no * by не придавать значения (чему-л.) ;
не ценить (что-л.) - to set little /no great/ * by не придавать большого значения (чему-л.) ;
мало ценить (что-л.) - my wife, too, sets great * on the boys being at home моя жена также считает очень важным, чтобы мальчики жили дома( американизм) (сленг) контора, офис( компьютерное) запоминающее устройство, накопитель > * is no sore (пословица) запас не беда;
чем больше, тем лучше;
кашу маслом не испортишь снабжать;
наполнять - to * a ship with provisions снабдить судно провиантом - to * one's memory with facts обогатить память фактами - his mind is *d with knowledge /with facts/ он много знает - don't * your mind with trivial не забивай себе голову /мозги/ пустяками - the gallery is richly *d with Old Masters в галерее широко представлены картины старых мастеров хранить, сохранять (тж. * away) - to * away plants from frost уберечь растения от мороза, убрать растения на зиму - facts *d away in the memory факты, хранимые в памяти - survival rations are *d away in waterproof boxes аварийные пайки хранятся в водонепроницаемых ящиках запасать, откладывать, накапливать (тж. * up) - to * (up) food for the winter запасать продовольствие на зиму - to * up bitterness копить горечь - she *d what little she could save она откладывала то (немногое), что могла сэкономить - the crop is not yet *d урожай еще не убран - an organism that *s DDT организм, накапливающий ДДТ отдавать на хранение, хранить на складе - to * one's furniture сдать мебель на хранение вмещать - how much energy can this battery *? какова емкость этой батареи? branch ~ магазин торговой сети buffer ~ вчт. буферная память buffer ~ вчт. буферное запоминающее устройство chain ~ однотипные розничные магазины одной фирмы cold ~ склад-холодильник computer ~ компьютерный магазин cooperative ~ кооперативный магазин data ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство data ~ вчт. память data ~ вчт. хранилище данных department ~ универсальный магазин, универмаг department ~ универсальный магазин ~ склад, пакгауз;
to deposit one's furniture in a store сдать мебель на хранение на склад discount ~ магазин, торгующий по сниженным ценам discount ~ магазин уцененных товаров general ~ магазин со смешанным ассортиментом general ~ универсальный магазин ~ запасать, откладывать (тж. store up) ;
the harvest has been stored урожай убран ~ снабжать;
наполнять;
his mind is well stored with knowledge он очень много знает I have a surprise in ~ for you у меня для вас приготовлен сюрприз ~ запас, резерв;
in store наготове, про запас;
to lay in store for the winter запасать на зиму ~ запас, резерв;
in store наготове, про запас;
to lay in store for the winter запасать на зиму main ~ главный склад main ~ оперативная память main ~ оперативное запоминающее устройство main ~ вчт. основная память main ~ вчт. основное запоминающее устройство microprogram ~ вчт. управляющая память military ~ магазин для военнослужащих object ~ вчт. объектно-ориентуемая память primary ~ вчт. первичное запоминающее устройство rapid ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство с быстрой выборкой rapid ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство с малым временем выборки record ~ вчт. добавление записи to set (great) ~ by придавать (большое) значение;
(высоко) ценить;
to set no store by не придавать значения;
не ценить to set (great) ~ by придавать (большое) значение;
(высоко) ценить;
to set no store by не придавать значения;
не ценить specialty ~ специализированный магазин store большое количество;
изобилие ~ вмещать ~ запас, склад ~ запас, резерв;
in store наготове, про запас;
to lay in store for the winter запасать на зиму ~ запас ~ запасать, откладывать (тж. store up) ;
the harvest has been stored урожай убран ~ запасать ~ pl запасы, припасы;
имущество;
marine stores старое корабельное имущество ~ comp. запоминать ~ comp. запоминающее устройство ~ (амер.) лавка, магазин ~ лавка ~ (преим. амер.) магазин, лавка ~ магазин ~ накапливать ~ отдавать на хранение, хранить на складе ~ отдавать на хранение ~ comp. память ~ помещать на склад ~ склад, пакгауз;
to deposit one's furniture in a store сдать мебель на хранение на склад ~ склад ~ складировать ~ скот, откармливаемый на убой ~ снабжать;
наполнять;
his mind is well stored with knowledge он очень много знает ~ (the stores) pl универмаг ~ универмаг ~ универсальный магазин ~ хранилище ~ хранить ~ хранить на складе ~ центральный магазин, универмаг ~ преим. амер. готовый, купленный в магазине;
~ clothes готовое платье ~ attr. запасный, запасной;
оставленный про запас;
оставленный для использования впоследствии ~ преим. амер. готовый, купленный в магазине;
~ clothes готовое платье ~ of value запас ценных товаров variety chain ~ галантерейный магазин цепного подчинения variety ~ амер. универсальный магазин volatile ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство с разрушением информации при выключении электропитания volatile ~ память с разрушением информации при выключении электропитания volatile ~ вчт. энергозависимое запоминающее устройство volatile ~ энергонезависимая память working ~ вчт. оперативное запоминающее устройство working ~ вчт. рабочее запоминающее устройство -
8 quality
1. n качество, сорт; свойство2. n уровень качества, класс, калибр3. n высокое качество; достоинство, ценность4. n часто качество, свойство, признак; характерная особенностьa person of excellent qualities — человек, обладающий прекрасными качествами
5. n физ. тембр6. n уст. знатность; положение в обществеpeople of quality — высшее общество, аристократия, знать, господа
7. n уст. знать8. a высококачественный, высокого качестваcertified quality — качество, подтвержденное сертификатом
Синонимический ряд:1. excellent (adj.) A1; bang-up; banner; blue-ribbon; bully; capital; champion; choice; classic; classical; excellent; famous; fine; first-class; first-rate; first-string; five-star; front-rank; Grade A; number one; outstanding; par excellence; prime; royal; select; skookum; sovereign; stunning; superior; top; top-notch; whiz-bang2. accomplishment (noun) accomplishment; attainment; deed; feat3. aristocracies (noun) aristocracies; blue bloods; carriage trade; creme de la creme; elites; flowers; gentilities; gentries; patriciates; societies; upper classes; upper crusts4. aristocracy (noun) aristocracy; aristoi; blue blood; elite; flower; gentility; gentry; haut monde; optimacy; patriciate; society; upper class; upper crust; who's who5. distinction (noun) distinction; superiority6. excellence (noun) arete; excellence; excellency; perfection7. property (noun) affection; attribute; character; characteristic; feature; mark; peculiarity; property; savor; savour; trait8. rank (noun) caliber; calibre; class; condition; description; grade; kind; merit; rank; refinement; stature; value; virtue; worth9. status (noun) capacity; footing; place; position; situation; standing; state; station; statusАнтонимический ряд:disqualification; failure; incapacity; inferior; inferiority; negation; nondescript; weakness
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The Millionaire Next Door — The book The Millionaire Next Door: The Surprising Secrets of America s Wealthy (1996, ISBN 0 671 01520 6) is by Thomas J. Stanley and William D. Danko. This book is a compilation of research done by the two authors in the profiles of… … Wikipedia
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The Blessed Trinity — The Blessed Trinity † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Blessed Trinity This article is divided as follows: I. Dogma of the Trinity; II. Proof of the Doctrine from Scripture; III. Proof of the Doctrine from Tradition;… … Catholic encyclopedia
The Vampire Diaries (novel series) — The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries: Return: Midnight The Awakening The Struggle The Fury Dark Reunion The Return: Nightfall The Return: Shadow Souls The Return: Midnight The Hunters: Phantom The Hunters: Moonsong … Wikipedia
The Blessed Virgin Mary — The Blessed Virgin Mary † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Blessed Virgin Mary The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God. In general, the theology and history of Mary the Mother of God follow the… … Catholic encyclopedia
